What Do Courts Like the ICJ and ICC Do?
What Do Courts Like the ICJ and ICC Do to Resolve Global Disputes and Deliver Justice?
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) are two important global courts that promote peace and justice. Although both are located in The Hague, Netherlands, they serve different purposes. The ICJ settles disputes between countries, while the ICC prosecutes individuals for serious crimes like genocide and war crimes.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Purpose
The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It helps countries resolve disagreements peacefully and gives legal opinions to international organisations.
Functions
- Contentious Cases: The ICJ hears legal disputes between countries, such as border conflicts and treaty violations.
- Advisory Opinions: It gives legal advice when requested by the United Nations or its agencies.
Structure
- The court has 15 judges elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council.
- Its decisions are binding on the countries involved in each case.
Examples of ICJ Cases
- Ukraine vs. Russia (2022): Ukraine accused Russia of misusing the Genocide Convention to justify military action.
- South Africa vs. Israel: South Africa filed a case alleging genocide during the Gaza conflict.
The International Criminal Court (ICC)
Purpose
The ICC is an independent international court that prosecutes individuals—not countries—for the most serious crimes affecting the global community.
Jurisdiction
The ICC can prosecute individuals for the following crimes:
- Genocide: Acts intended to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
- Crimes Against Humanity: Widespread or systematic attacks on civilians.
- War Crimes: Severe violations of the laws of war.
- Crime of Aggression: The use of force by one country against another without justification.
Principles
- Complementarity: The ICC acts only if national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute a case.
- No Immunity: Even heads of state can be prosecuted.
Examples of ICC Cases
- Vladimir Putin: The ICC issued an arrest warrant for the Russian president for alleged war crimes in Ukraine.
- Benjamin Netanyahu: An arrest warrant was requested concerning actions in Gaza.
Importance of the ICJ and ICC
- Promoting Peace: They help prevent or stop conflicts through legal action.
- Upholding International Law: They make sure that laws are respected by countries and individuals alike.
- Providing Justice: They offer justice to victims of serious crimes and protect human rights.
Conclusion
The ICJ and ICC are essential parts of the international justice system. The ICJ focuses on disputes between states, while the ICC holds individuals accountable for major crimes. Together, they help build a world based on law, fairness, and peace.
